International Security Bulletin

Mexico

United Mexican States

Capital: Mexico City (Distrito Federal)

The Mexico Bulletin

Weekly Brief: April 13, 2015

Africa One of the gunmen responsible for the attack on Kenya’s Garissa University College last week, which killed 148 people, was the son of a Kenyan district official. He had been missing for over a year, since dropping out of law school. His father has been cooperating with authorities since reporting his son missing last […]

Weekly Brief: October 18, 2013

A short Weekly Brief focused mostly on the Middle East covers developments in Iran’s nuclear programs; an update on Syria, including fallout at the United Nations; concerning developments regarding violence and political division in Iraq; and efforts to combat organized crime in Mexico.

History

The site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations - including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec - Mexico was conquered and colonized by Spain in the early 16th century. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved its independence early in the 19th century. The global financial crisis beginning in late 2008 caused a massive economic downturn the following year, although growth returned quickly in 2010. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON, but the PRI regained the presidency in 2012. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides.

Geography

Metric Units

Total Area 1,964,375 sq km
Land Boundaries 4,353 km
Border Countries Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km
Coastline 9,330 km
Terrain high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Minimum Elevation -10 m
Maximum Elevation 5,700 m
Climate varies from tropical to desert
Natural Resources petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
Arable Land 12.98%
Permanent Crops 1.36%

Economy

Gross Domestic Product $1.76 trillion
GDP (per capita) $15,300
GDP Growth 4%
Unemployment Rate 5%
Population in Poverty 51.3%
GINI Index 48.3

Budget & Debt

Expenditures $308.2 billion
Revenue $276.2 billion
Current Account Balance $-11 billion
External Debt $125.7 billion

Trade

Exports $370.9 billion
Export Items manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton
Export Partners US 78% (2012)
Imports $379.4 billion
Import Items metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts
Import Partners US 49.7%, China 14.9%, Japan 4.7% (2011)

People

Population 116,220,947
Population Growth 1.07%
Ethnic Groups mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Religion Roman Catholic 82.7%, Protestant 1.6%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.4%, other Evangelical Churches 5%, other 1.9%, none 4.7%, unspecified 2.7% (2000 census)
Life Expectancy 76.86 years
Infant Mortality 0.96 deaths/1,000 live births
Maternal Mortality 1.2 deaths/100,000 live births

Energy

Electricity Production 254.4 billion kWh
Electricity Consumption 203.8 billion kWh
From Fossil Fuels 75%
From Nuclear 2.3%
From Hydroelectric 19.4%
From Renewable Sources 3.3%