International Security Bulletin

Gabon

Gabonese Republic

Capital: Libreville

The Gabon Bulletin

Weekly Brief: April 20, 2015

Africa Al-Shabab militants drove a car loaded with explosives into a government compound in Mogadishu, Somalia, on Tuesday. After the explosion, gunmen stormed the government offices and killed at least 17 people, including eight civilians and two soldiers. Security guards and Somali special forces soldiers eventually managed to secure the building, killing five attackers.

History

El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba - one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - dominated the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009) following independence from France in 1960. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, allegations of electoral fraud during local elections in 2002-03 and the presidential elections in 2005 exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Following President BONGO's death in 2009, new elections brought Ali BONGO Ondimba, son of the former president, to power. Despite constrained political conditions, Gabon's small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make it one of the more prosperous and stable African countries.

Geography

Metric Units

Total Area 267,667 sq km
Land Boundaries 2,551 km
Border Countries Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km
Coastline 885 km
Terrain narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Minimum Elevation 0 m
Maximum Elevation 1,575 m
Climate tropical; always hot, humid
Natural Resources petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
Arable Land 1.21%
Permanent Crops 0.64%

Economy

Gross Domestic Product $26.71 billion
GDP (per capita) $17,300
GDP Growth 6.1%
Unemployment Rate 21%
Population in Poverty No data%
GINI Index No data

Budget & Debt

Expenditures $4.28 billion
Revenue $5.4 billion
Current Account Balance $3.75 billion
External Debt $2.76 billion

Trade

Exports $10.82 billion
Export Items crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium
Export Partners US 41.7%, Australia 9.3%, Malaysia 8.5%, Japan 6%, China 5.1%, Spain 4.6% (2011)
Imports $3.5 billion
Import Items machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials
Import Partners France 32.6%, China 8.3%, US 6.3%, Belgium 5.7%, Cameroon 4.3% (2011)

People

Population 1,640,286
Population Growth 1.96%
Ethnic Groups Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
Religion Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%
Life Expectancy 52.15 years
Infant Mortality 0.99 deaths/1,000 live births
Maternal Mortality 2.1 deaths/100,000 live births

Energy

Electricity Production 1.6 billion kWh
Electricity Consumption 1.3 billion kWh
From Fossil Fuels 59%
From Nuclear 0%
From Hydroelectric 41%
From Renewable Sources 0%