International Security Bulletin

Croatia

Republic of Croatia

Capital: Zagreb

The Croatia Bulletin

Weekly Brief: September 21, 2015

Top Story The influx of refugees from Syria and other parts of the Middle East and Africa continued to make headlines last week. Migrants attempting to reach Western Europe have been stymied by Hungarian border security, where police used tear gas and water cannons to keep them from overwhelming crossings along Hungary’s border with Serbia, […]

History

The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. In April 2009, Croatia joined NATO; Croatia signed the EU Accession Treaty in December 2011 and ratified the Treaty in January, 2012. Croatia will become a member after all 27 EU members ratify the treaty, with a target date of July 2013.

Geography

Metric Units

Total Area 56,594 sq km
Land Boundaries 1,982 km
Border Countries Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km
Coastline 5,835 km
Terrain geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Minimum Elevation 0 m
Maximum Elevation 1,831 m
Climate Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Natural Resources oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Arable Land 15.85%
Permanent Crops 1.47%

Economy

Gross Domestic Product $79.14 billion
GDP (per capita) $18,100
GDP Growth -1.8%
Unemployment Rate 20.4%
Population in Poverty 21.1%
GINI Index 32

Budget & Debt

Expenditures $20.99 billion
Revenue $19.3 billion
Current Account Balance $-560 million
External Debt $61.07 billion

Trade

Exports $12.34 billion
Export Items transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
Export Partners Italy 15.8%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.2%, Germany 10.1%, Slovenia 8.3%, Austria 5.7% (2011)
Imports $20.76 billion
Import Items machinery, transport and electrical equipment
Import Partners Italy 16.3%, Germany 12.6%, Russia 7.2%, China 7.1%, Slovenia 6.2%, Austria 4.5% (2011)

People

Population 4,475,611
Population Growth -0.11%
Ethnic Groups Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
Religion Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
Life Expectancy 76.2 years
Infant Mortality 0.93 deaths/1,000 live births
Maternal Mortality 0.4 deaths/100,000 live births

Energy

Electricity Production 9.28 billion kWh
Electricity Consumption 16.7 billion kWh
From Fossil Fuels 47.2%
From Nuclear 0%
From Hydroelectric 44.7%
From Renewable Sources 0.8%