International Security Bulletin

Brunei

Brunei Darussalam

Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan

History

The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in Asia.

Geography

Metric Units

Total Area 5,765 sq km
Land Boundaries 381 km
Border Countries Malaysia 381 km
Coastline 161 km
Terrain flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Minimum Elevation 0 m
Maximum Elevation 1,850 m
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Natural Resources petroleum, natural gas, timber
Arable Land 0.52%
Permanent Crops 0.87%

Economy

Gross Domestic Product $21.94 billion
GDP (per capita) $50,500
GDP Growth 2.7%
Unemployment Rate 2.6%
Population in Poverty No data%
GINI Index No data

Budget & Debt

Expenditures $3.98 billion
Revenue $8 billion
Current Account Balance $3.98 billion
External Debt $0

Trade

Exports $12.75 billion
Export Items crude oil, natural gas, garments
Export Partners Japan 45.2%, South Korea 15.9%, Australia 11.4%, Indonesia 8.1%, India 5.7%, China 4.4% (2011)
Imports $3.02 billion
Import Items iron and steel, motor vehicles, machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Import Partners Singapore 27.4%, India 15.4%, China 12.8%, South Korea 10.1%, Malaysia 9.4%, Germany 7.9% (2011)

People

Population 415,717
Population Growth 1.67%
Ethnic Groups Malay 66.3%, Chinese 11.2%, indigenous 3.4%, other 19.1% (2004 est.)
Religion Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%
Life Expectancy 76.57 years
Infant Mortality 1 deaths/1,000 live births
Maternal Mortality 2.2 deaths/100,000 live births

Energy

Electricity Production 3.72 billion kWh
Electricity Consumption 3.39 billion kWh
From Fossil Fuels 100%
From Nuclear 0%
From Hydroelectric 0%
From Renewable Sources 0%